Baby, it's cold outside!

Hypothermia and Frostbite: this time of year, it's prudent to review some basics .

photo courtesy of ehow

Hypothermia is when the core body temperature, usually an average of 98.6, falls below the temperature required for metabolism.  That's 95 degrees...and it's a medical emergency.

Hypothermia is usually caused by a prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, although other situations (like being wet or wind)  can create hypothermic conditions.

Babies and the elderly are at the most risk of developing hypothermia, although certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or hypothyroidism can increase risk.  Some medications can increase risk, too, so be sure to read that extra fine print that came with your prescription.

Alcohol and drug use can also increase the risk of hypothermia by dilating your blood vessels (not to mention constricting your judgement).

Most importantly, know the symptoms of hypothermia and treatment.

Even more importantly, think prevention: stay warm.

But remember:  hypothermia is a medical emergency.  Call 911.

photo courtesy of live health

Frostbite is, quite simply, when your skin or tissue freezes.

Frostbite is usually caused by prolonged exposure to temperatures below 23 degrees and is mostly a risk for extremities (hands, feet, ears...).

Blood flow stops in frostbitten skin or tissue, and the area must be thawed and rewarmed to prevent tissue death (gangrene) and infection.

Know the symptoms: If the skin looks white or grayish-yellow or is very cold and has a hard or waxy feel, you may have frostbite. Severe or deep frostbite can cause blistering and hardening. 

Know the treatment: When you first notice signs of frostbite, come out of the cold immediately and gradually rewarm the affected area as rapidly as possible. 

And again: true frostbite is a medical emergency.  See a doctor or go to the emergency room immediately.  Not, necessarily, by ambulance, but go. Now.